Prepare, Repair, Go: Botanicals for a Youthful Tomorrow
17 Oct 2023 | Euromed
The presentation aims to showcase the potential of three botanical extracts (Pomanox®, Spisar®, and CuberUp®) from Euromed in supporting athletic performance, joint health, muscle strength, and cognitive function, promoting an active lifestyle and youthful well-being for consumers.
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Good morning or good afternoon to today's listeners and welcome to this Nutrition Insight hosted webinar.
I'm Elizabeth Green, the moderator for the webinar from Euromed.
Now, before we get started, I'd like to let our listeners know that you can submit any questions you wish to be answered through the Q&A engagement tool in the console you should be seeing now.
Any questions that we don't have time to respond to during today's session can be answered via email following the presentation.
The webinar will also be available on demand on NutritionInsight.com.
A link to view the on-demand webinar will be emailed to you after the presentation.
As mentioned, today's webinar is presented by Euromed.
The webinar is entitled Prepare, Repair, Go.
Botanicals for a Youthful Tomorrow.
During the webinar, our speaker, Andrea Zangara will discuss the potential of three botanical extracts known as Pomanox, Spizar, and Cuba Up in supporting athletic performance, joint health, muscle strength, and cognitive function, promoting an active lifestyle and youthful -being for consumers.
Botanicals uniquely position themselves to provide these benefits, offering a holistic approach to wellness that single chemical entities cannot match.
This makes the botanical industry particularly innovative and appealing to consumers.
Moreover, the desire for preventative health measures, healthy aging, and a preference for environmentally friendly products are driving the demand for botanicals.
The global emphasis on health and wellness has never been stronger.
Euromed is witnessing consumers proactively taking steps to enhance their physical fitness, vitality, and overall health.
The company says its botanical ingredients align perfectly with this wellness-focused zeitgeist.
So, I will shortly pass it over to Andrea.
Andrea is head of scientific communication and Medical Affairs at Euromed, where he initially joined as the scientific and marketing manager in 2017.
With over 20 years of international experience in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical R&D, Andrea brings a wealth of experience to his role.
He earned a BSC in Clinical Psychology and holds an MSC in Herbal medicine.
So, Andrea, it's over to you.
Thank you, Elizabeth, for the introduction and for setting the scene.
Here, a brief outline of the webinar.
It starts focusing on the science of botanicals to then connect with the Mediterranean diet and our line of extracts inspired by this health promoting dietary pattern.
Finally, through the concepts of prepare, repair, and go, I will review the properties and scientific evidence of the three ingredients we choose from the Mediterranean line, Pomanox, Spier, and cubaab for supporting healthy aging, athletic performances, joint health, muscle strength, cognitive functions, and more.
Plant-based ingredients, as you said, are indeed in greater demand than ever before.
Their potential synergistic complexity of the phytochemicals of the phytocomplex is exciting researchers and attracting increasing interest from consumers looking for products with multi-functional claims, holistic products.
Plant extracts are ideally positioned as plants produce dozens of bioactive phytochemicals.
However, nature is unpredictable, so potential challenges are in all steps of production.
Since 1971, Euromed has perfected the standardization and control for each step of the supply chain.
By controlling all the steps, we ensure documented traceability and consistency of different batches and provide custom, quality and therapeutic values of the extracts.
Due to the multi-component nature of plants, the phytocomplex, standardized botanical extract can simultaneously and consistently interact with multiple physiological functions.
It's not the silver bullet of the pharmaceutical industry where you target only one function.
That's one of the beauties of working with natural products, especially taking into account the multifactorial aging process.
Scientists at our four-story laboratory and innovation Center shown in the video are applying different extraction technologies to concentrate target molecules while preserving complete phytochemical profile as it exists in nature.
This maintain the holistic properties and offer comprehensive health benefits.
Recent trends in extraction techniques have focused our scientists on greener alternatives to traditional solvents such as chromatographic membrane filtration, and super critical fluid extraction.
The pure hydro process, our proprietary technology, utilizes neutroclear water as the only solvent, ensuring environmentally friendly processing whilst effectively solubilizing bioactive compounds for increased concentration and enhanced properties thanks to the tangential filtration that retains functional active components while removing contaminants that could interfere with gut bacteria metabolism.
This extraction method offers superior organoelectric properties, improved stability, safety, solubility, and bioavailability.
This extraction technology is housed in a dedicated manufacturing plant.
This impressive state of the art facility is based in southern Spain, in the region of Murcia, a paradise for growing fruits and vegetables, which are part of our traditional Mediterranean diet.
And the Mediterranean diet has been named for for the best, as the best overall diet by the US News of the World Report for the 6th straight year.
It's a very trendy concept, and a simple search of department with the words Mediterranean diet and health shows the Continuously growing body of scientific evidence showing beneficial effects on almost all aspects of health and supporting for a healthier aging process, protecting from physical and cognitive frailty, a really holistic approach to health.
This mostly plant-based eating pattern is rich in phytochemicals such as the polyphenols, natural antioxidant compound with powerful rejuvenating properties that have been identified as the key mediators of the diet's most beneficial properties.
Achieving the health and longevity benefits of the Mediterranean diet requires daily intake of large portions of fruit and vegetables, up to 8, and olive oil, up to 4 or 5 spoons per day, which may represent a compliance issue.
In this context, it makes sense to identify, research and provide the most promising phytochemical compounds from superfruits and super vegetables of the Mediterranean diet in standardized and practical format.
From functional foods, beverages to liquid shots, powder sachets, the possibilities for developing products with these ingredients are very ample.
So as raw material or superfruits, we have identified so far pomegranate, olives, figs, artichokes, spinach, cucumber, and lemon.
Responding to the health aware and environmentally conscious consumers, we have shifted our focus from global to local.
The green extraction process is also appealing to a growing demand for, for eco-friendly botanical ingredients.
And here we have no toxic leftovers, just pure plant goodness inspired by the Mediterranean diet, and we have evidence-based health properties and the support of Euromed expertise.
As the plant foods they come from, the three extracts selected for this webinar have wide-ranging benefits to support the journey to wellness through 3 distinct phases, preparation, repair, and optimal performance, relating with the proactive measures to fortify health, addressing the inevitable wear and tear, and ultimately enhancing the body capacity for optimal functions.
Preparation is about laying a strong foundation, preparing for either a competition or a challenging work schedule or for healthy aging.
Here, we introduce Palmox, our palry extract, standardized to high piccolagen content.
As we move into the repair phase, Cubber up, our cucumber extract standardized to the amino acid citrullin, takes center stage.
It's the solution for joint health and flexibility essential for those concerned about wear and tear.
And for optimal performance, which is about reaching your peak, whether you are an athlete aiming for excellence or a senior keen to maintain or enhance independence and independence and fitness.
Here, the case study is our spinach extractsico.
As in the famous cartoons, spinach can promote muscle fitness thanks to their content in steroids, natural adaptogen, and anabolic compounds.
However, this is not so clear cut and each extract is actually relevant in more than one phase.
Through the presentation, the symbols will identify their role in each phase.
And in this very nice infographic representation, you can preview the interconnectedness I'm talking about with each individual property shown in published studies.
Tammanox has strong numbers, as you can see, 15 years in R&D, 14 peer-reviewed publication, 8 published clinical study, and, and, and other, other, important, important numbers.
Testifying the solid scientific evidence behind these products, which will be the part we will review in the next slides.
And Pamanox is the flagship of our line and it's crucial for preparing but it's also relevant for each phase of the health journey.
In vitro, animal, and clinical studies have shown Panox's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, highlighting his potential in promoting overall health and wellness thanks to the pleotropic properties of the polyphenols punic collagens and its derived metabolite.
Pomegranate polyphenols combat aging by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, which is the mild age-related chronic inflammation.
And improving blood, gut health and blood flow to, for overall health.
The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, and prebiotic effects supports weight management and performance enhancement.
So let's see the scientific evidence.
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds are often associated with the repair phase because they play a crucial role in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, but also with the prepare as they promote the healing and recovery process in the body.
And in vitro studies suggest Palmanox may reduce skin photoaging reactions such as hyperpigmentation by reducing melanogenesis and oxidative stress while improving collagen and yaluronic acid metabolism.
Additionally, there was a significant reduction of an enzyme called matrix metalloproteinase 1 MMP1.
These enzymes degrade collagen, so reducing MMP1 could help preserve collagen levels in the skin, but also in other tissues such as cartilage.
Another recent in vitro study found that the extract significantly inhibited the release of interleukin 8, a pro-inflammatory site, OK, in a model of experimentally irritated reconstituted corneal and the epithelial cells, suggesting potential benefits for eye health.
The inhibition of the inflammation was higher than that with dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory core controlled substance.
And the protective processes of Pomanox were confirmed also in an animal model where the extract prevented muscle mass loss induced experimentally by acute TNF alpha injection.
Down regulating the nuclear factor KV pathway, NFKV pathway, which excessive activation is related with a variety of health issues.
The metabo, the metabolite neurolletin A was recovered in biological samples and was identified by the researchers as the compound responsible for the effect.
Investigated.
Another animal study in pigs this time, provided a brilliant demonstration of Palmano's key properties.
It safely reversed the endothelial dysfunction induced by a hot fat diet through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilating effects promoted by enhanced release of endothelial nitric oxide.
These three properties are the foundation of the repairing process, but also fundamental for performances, particularly the nitric oxide support.
Antioxidant effects have also been shown in a recent human study where 4 weeks of standard daily dose of Pananox providing 210 mg of punic collagen increased the total antioxidant capacity measured in urine with a standard assay.
A strong correlation between urinary excretion of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity was also found.
This is quite relevant as an authoritative investigation on the effects of the Mediterranean diet in elderly people highlighted a strong correlation between urinary total phenolic and the lower risk of frailty.
Now, this Palmanox study, between other interesting findings, reports a significant reduction in morning salivary cortisol and of salivary cortisol cortisone ratios.
This was also reported in another similar Paarmanox human study as shown in the slide.
Lower cortisol cortisone ratio indicate reduced 11 beta HSD1 enzyme activity.
This enzyme is responsible for transforming inactive cortisone to active cortisol, so its inhibition leads to less circulating cortisol levels.
Excessive cortisol or the stress hormone, relates with multiple health issues such as mood and cognitive disorders, reduced muscle mass, weakness, increased appetite and abdominal fat, and high blood pressure.
So the cortisol lowering properties of Panmanox are very substantiated by those two studies and may explain some of the next results.
For example, blood pressure regulation, a consistent and reproducible beneficial lowering of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, was reported in 3 human studies.
A healthy blood pressure is fundamental for the prepare phase where blood pressure is generally lower and stable, indicating the cardiovascular system is in a state of readiness and can safely move to the perform phase.
And performance of trained cyclists were significantly improved with 2 weeks of Pammanox supplementation compared to placebo.
The cyclist experienced an increase in total time to exhaustion and in time to reach ventilatory threshold 2, and a decrease in inflammation biomarkers.
An increasing time to reach ventilatory threshold 2 indicates the ability to prolong exercise at high intensity, which is relevant for a prepared phase in the context of athletes, and increased time to reach exhaustion is a measure of enhanced performances, showing a person can exercise at submaximum or maximum intensity before reaching exhaustion.
Finally, a reduction in markers of muscle damage and inflammation.
Suggest a potential role in recovery or repair of muscle tissues after physical activity.
So, here we have all the three phases of fitness performances very supported by Amano.
And how about cognitive performances?
The extract in only one hour, according to this study, improved executive functions, working memory, cognitive demand, and episodic memory.
And so, to give you, , , an explanation in relation to prepare, repair and go, the executive function relate to better mental agility and are relevant for all the phases of prepare, repair, and peak performance.
Working memory is a component of executive function and it's, it's responsible for temporarily holding , and manipulating information.
And cognitive demand refers to the mental effort and processing required to prepare the mind for tasks, so it's associated with the prepare phase.
And they're very, very.
A distinctive and marked, improvement, seen in the study in long-term memory or episodic memory indicate the ability to remember specific events and information from the past.
This crucial cognitive ability is associated with the prepare and peak performance phases.
So this was the first study showing an acute cognitive improvement with pomegranate polyphenols, and we are actually currently investigating a long-term potential.
Two studies provide support for weight management.
A significant reduction in percentage of body fat and fat mass and a significant increase in lean body mass was identified in the context of a broader investigation, also mentioned previously.
It is interesting to note the fact that this study also highlighted the cortisol lowering effect and the concomitant reduction in blood pressure.
Now, the study on the bottom of the slide is quite interesting as it reports reduction of appetite, increased satiety, and lower amount of food consumed after 3 weeks paramanox intake.
This effect could be related, at least in part with the cortisol lowering properties discussed previously.
Now, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in the importance of the intestinal microbiota in relation to health and wellness.
Polyphenols are now identified as prebiotic compounds due to their potential in promoting growth of beneficial bacteria, preparing and repairing organisms for optimal performances.
And published human data indicating in fact that Parmanox administration could support healthy microbiota, increasing beneficial bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.
The connection between gut and the brain, something quite popular at the moment, is very evident when we consider the irritable bowel syndrome, IBS.
It's a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain and and bloating.
Stress, anxiety, and other psychological factor can trigger IBS symptoms through the gut-brain access.
So, a study by the Caceres University Hospital recruited 18 patients with IBS.
Half of them were administered Tammanox, a 200 mg punic collagen, combined with prebiotic, probiotics, while the other have a placebo for 30 days, and results were compelling.
The treated group demonstrated significant improvements in bowel function and psychological -being compared to placebo.
And in vitro study provided the hypothesis for the clinical study we just reviewed.
The investigation revealed puniccolagen, significant biochemical transformation into agic acid, a metabolite which exhibits higher gut absorption and bioactivity.
This biotransformation was further announced by probiotic bacteria.
So the tested compound was Parmanox under the brand name of Puniccolagen Plus, the same product tested in the clinical study in combination with probiotics.
This combination appeared very promising, especially for renouncing the functionality of the gut-brain axis.
Other ongoing clinical studies with Panama that will fold into the prepair and repair phases concern protection of skin from aging and modulation of various markers related to to aged populations.
Now, our case study performance ingredient is PSA.
Spinach as a leaf extract that has shown positive effects on skeletal muscle strength and muscle fitness in older adults in combination with strength training.
Spier is an extract from Spanish spinach leaves standardized to naturally occurring 2 hydroxyeiszone.
Spinach leaves have a high content of phytodisteroids, and these compounds are considered anabolic, ergogenic, and adaptogenic.
Some of the potential mechanism of action involve the increased protein synthesis and prevention of muscle deterioration, basically maintaining muscle mass.
So, a , background, muscle mass, muscle mass loss becomes progressively significant after the age of 30, accelerate after the age of 50, and key preventive intervention include muscle strength, training, dietary changes, and nutritional supplementation.
So, a double-blind 12-week randomized placebo-controlled study by the sports physiology department at the University of Catolica of Murcia in Spain investigated the potential effects of Spier on muscle fitness for 12 weeks in middle-aged participants performing regular physical exercise.
SISA was found to significantly increase muscle mass with a total muscle mass increase of 1.5% compared to 1.1% in the placebo group.
Increasing muscle mass is a key focus in the prepare phase where individuals aim to build and strengthen muscle in preparation for better physical performances and overall health.
Muscle quality also improved from baseline versus placebo and muscle quality is associated with the prepare phase when individuals work to enhance their muscle strength and function in preparation for physical activities or challenges.
Strength was the dimension more significantly improved by Spitzer.
The SISA group showed a significant improvement in peak torque of knee extension in isokinetic and isokinetic dynamome isometric dynamometry compared to placebo.
Muscle strength is essential for peak physical performance during various activities and challenges.
Regarding the quality of life, most dimensions assessed by the SF 36 questioners were improved by both treatments, but the emotional role had a greater increase for the BR group, and this could be related to the adaptogenic properties of steroids.
So to conclude, the Spier may safely exert an whole-body strengthening, adaptogenic activity and may be beneficial for safely maintaining muscle fitness in combination with physical exercise, particularly as we age.
Time to repair.
The concern about the potential for exercise to lead to joint wear and osteoarthritis, particularly in aging athletes can be associated with the repair phase.
In this context, individual may focus on repairing or preserving joint health and function and address a concern related to joint stress.
And here, huberra has a leading role.
It's a standardized aros extract obtained from cucumber fruits grown in southern Spain.
This plant has a is a staple in the Mediterranean diet, and amino derivatives in cucumber fruit help maintain optimal joint comfort and may improve cartilage nutrition.
Huberra contains not less than 50% amino acid derivatives with not less than 2% citrullin.
Citrullin regulates arginine, which is converted to nitric oxide, and increased citrullin arginine levels inhibit inflammatory reaction by induced nitric oxide and reduce the inflammatory process in the joint.
The suggested daily dosage of 20 mg qvara was investigated in an eight-week randomized double-blind placebo controlled study evaluating 55 middle-aged subjects with joint discomfort and diagnosed with osteoarthritis with functional grades 123.
The intensity of knee pain significantly decreased at the end of the study as compared with baseline in both study group, but pain decreases were significantly higher in the huberra group, the experimental group.
Weekly evolution of pain shows the extract started providing significant relief after week 4, so quite, quite early.
And regarding quality of life, the WOMA score suggests the sensation of knee pain improved significantly in both groups but was higher in cubara with tura.
In addition, a reduction in stiffness together with improved physical function were more pronounced in the Kubera group.
The timed up and go test, which is a clinical method to assess a patient mobility and risk of failing, also, decreased significantly.
The time to perform it decreased, significantly, and, and this indicates a better functionality of the, of the joints.
Now, additionally, the extract significantly improved muscle function, strength during knee flexion extension exercise, and this resulting in objectively improved functional parameters.
Furthermore, cartilage degradation biomarker MMP3 decreased significantly with Qberra as as the inflammation marker IL1 beta.
So, in summary, Qberra is a promising botanical ingredients for application targeting healthy agents, athletes, and others affected by joint problems or simply concerned about preventing the wear and tear of the joint.
Subjective and objective tests confirm the sustained effect of the product with a very low dosage and in total safety.
So in conclusion, Hamanox, Spitzer, and Huberra offer multifaceted potential in prepare, prepare, and go phases.
And they cater to individuals of all ages are ideal for healthy aging and for enhancing performances as.
These products collectively address various health aspects, making a valuable addition to a holistic wellness strategy.
This was my last slide, so thank you very much and now we probably have time for questions.
Thank you to Andrea for this very interesting presentation.
This is Elizabeth Green, once again, from Nutrition Insight, and now we have a Q&A session with our listeners.
Some great questions have already been sent in, so thank you in advance and keep them coming.
So to begin, our first question from a listener is, what is the sustain sustainability perspective of the extracts?
Andrea, over to you.
Yes, thank you for the question.
The extracts had various aspects of sustainability.
First of all, they are produced with a A method that utilize only pure water, so does not release in the environment, any, any residual toxic solvents such acetone or alcohols, etc.
And then, very importantly, the, the fruits and vegetables are that are used for, for the production of the Mediterranean extracts.
Are grown locally, so very close to the manufacturing plant.
This has several advantages, particularly in terms of sustainability.
It reduced, for example, the carbon footprint by reducing transportation.
But also at the same time, it it shortens the the supply chain so it provides a better, better control of the quality and also support, support the local economy.
So I think all in all, it's quite a good good support for, for, for sustainability.
Definitely, thank you, that's really interesting.
So now our next question is, are all the extracts obtained with the water process?
What can you tell us about that, Andrea?
Oh yes, all, all the Mediterranean extracts are obtained with the water extractions, but of course we have a very large portfolio of herbal extracts used for, for the pharmaceutical market as.
So of course, it depends on what you want to what you want to extract from the plant, and, in the case of polyphenols, for example, they are polar substances, so they are water soluble.
And, and so it's perfect to use the the the water extraction, but, but other compounds that are not water solubles require different, different type of extraction.
But yes, the Mediterranean line, it's all produced by a water extraction technology.
OK, thank you very much.
So we have another question now from a listener, and it's about Spizzar, the spinach, spinach extract.
The listener would like to know, is the spinach extractspizzar indicated for sarcopenia?
OK, that's a hot topic.
It's in specific a nutritional supplement, sarcopenia.
It's a, it's a medical, it's a medical issue.
Let's say that, yeah, so it has the potential, of course, but we would not be promoting that.
We don't have the data.
And, certainly, at one extreme of the scale, there is sarcopenia, at the other extreme there is you know, age-related muscle loss or, or simply the desire to, to maintain or even to promote, muscle mass, which, which unfortunately, as we saw before, starts to, getting less and less after, after the 30 and then after the feat.
So, Yeah, I wouldn't position it for, for sarcoinia at the moment, at least.
Thank you very much.
OK, thank you very much.
So our next question now is, do you produce a combination of pomegranates and probiotics for IBS?
Another widely wide health problem that we, that we see and hear a lot more about.
Yes, the, the, the, I agree the problem is, really, important and it's really, , , quizzing, the, doctors, for, for finding the right approach.
And intrigue, intriguingly, from the study we, we, we, I, I, I just showed before, this combination of, of, pomegranate extract, Pomox, and probiotics seems to be really promising.
However, we do not produce the combination.
The extract they used, in the, in the trial was, actually, , it's, it's a finished product, by one of our, good customers, antioxidantes de Mediterranean.
The product is piccolagen 200 or piccologen plus, sorry.
And it was, it was associated by the researchers, with probiotics, so I, I, I don't know too much about the study was actually, announced the, the preliminary results at the At the Spanish Gastroenterology Society in June.
So, I, I am also quite curious to know the, the, the, the more details about the probiotic compounds that have been associated with ox.
Mhm.
OK, very interesting.
Hopefully more information comes out out on that in the future.
So our next question.
Yeah, definitely.
Perfect.
OK, our next question now from a listener is, are the extracts suitable for food?
The extras are indeed suitable for food inclusion and they are currently proposed in the market in food mattresses as.
And yeah, that's actually designed to be suitable for food inclusions, and their organic characteristics, probably thanks to the water extraction, are pretty good.
We recently tested in water, all of them, and the The flavor, it's intense, but it's very fruity, aromatic.
Nothing compared to the flavor or the smell of extract from the same type of botanicals obtained with volatile solvents that have definitely a more chemical nuance.
Moreover, they've been tested for stability of quite high temperature.
So and they showed not to be the the, the, the, the markers do not degrade up to quite high temperature so it could be, for example, they are, they are, it's possible to bake, to bake them, for example, pasteurize them.
So yes, definitely.
OK, super interesting.
So, yeah, you mentioned a couple of, applications.
So do you think the bakery would be the most likely application that they could be included in?
I do think that for some of the of the extracts, it could, for example, one that wasn't included in the presentation of today, our, our fig fruit extract, bali, this extract, it's, it's effective in reducing the glycemic index of food in tiny amounts and , it's amazing that, you know, figs are very sweet fruits, so it's amazing that you can also have a sort of, you know, glucose lowering ability, but I, I think, I do think that, combining this extract with a bakery could be a good strategy.
Of course, all the other extracts as , they, they can, they can be combined with, with this type of food component.
Perfect.
OK, super interesting.
I think we have about time for maybe one or two more questions now, cause we shortly have to wrap up.
So our next question is, what was the dosage used in the cognitive study that was mentioned in the presentation?
Yes, the, the dosage of the cognitive study was, , was about the double of a standard dosage, so it was about 420 mg of extract no, sorry, 1.4 g of extract corresponding to about 420 mg of punnicalagen.
The higher dosage was required because, often acute studies, being approved of concepts, require higher dosages, so, especially when you test cognitive functions.
So that, that would not be the dosage recommended for the daily usage, but of course, for, for occasional usage, there is totally no safety concern reported in the study.
And, and, it could be, it could be absolutely beneficial, and, as I said, we are now testing the, the, a much lower amount than a chronic, clinical study.
Right.
OK, fantastic.
Thank you very much.
So our final question now, comes back to SISR.
And the question is, regarding SPISR, is it androgenic?
Can it be taken by women?
Yeah, in, when we're talking about anabolic compounds, , phytohormones, certainly, the, the thought of a potential hormonal effect, , it, it, it's, it's plausible.
But in this case, it's not like that.
The phytosteroids that do not have any androgenic effects, actually, One of the plausible mechanisms of action is the binding to the estrogen receptor too, which, has no, estrogenic effects, but, but do improve, women's health.
And therefore, yes, it, it can be indeed taken by, by women.
Actually, more than half of the subjects in this clinical study with Spier were females, and this was due to the study being run during the COVID lockdown, so the researcher could not manage.
To, balance perfectly the, the, the study groups between male and females and so about I think 70 or 80% of the study participants were women and , yeah, so that's actually, it's like a bodybuilding study for senior women which is quite interesting.
Definitely.
Perfect.
Thank you very much, Andrea, and thanks to our listeners for all of the questions today.
That's about all we have time for, so thank you once again to everyone involved in today's webinar from Euromed, both behind the scenes and on the ground.
Before we sign off, I'd also like to let you know that all our questions that we didn't have time to answer today will be answered via email.
You can also check your inbox for an on-demand version which will be sent out to you shortly.
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Goodbye.
