Nutrition research rife with polarized opinions: collaboration can take field further, ASN flags

11 Jul 2022 --- The American Society for Nutrition (ASN) is unveiling nutrition research to promote transparent, verifiable and accurate evidence-based communication about nutrition. ASN takes research centering around the gut microbiome, precision nutrition and epigenetics into account.

This will improve comprehension of nutrition research and facilitate the rational application of discoveries and the precise characterization, creation, and implementation of recommendations.

“The paper highlights the strengths, limitations and interpretations of the many methods used in nutrition science and how they work synergistically,” says Richard Mattes, previous ASN president and current co-chair at the Nutrition Research Task Force.

“This research will be useful not only for nutrition researchers and other nutrition professionals but can lead to improved understanding of nutrition research methods by audiences that translate nutrition research findings, such as journalists, educators, clinicians and policymakers.”

The findings are being implemented as there is increasing concern surrounding the tone of discourse among nutrition professionals, whereby disagreements are frequently portrayed as conflicts rather than opportunities for cooperation.

“All methods in nutrition science complement one another to advance health and well-being,” says Martha Belury, president at ASN.

Essential information for accurate policies
The ASN emphasizes the importance that each methodology employed in nutrition research adds to the field and that each approach, when applied and evaluated correctly, adds to the body of knowledge. To design and implement policies, for example, it is essential to make educated decisions.

To impact precision nutrition, nutrition research must integrate traditional methods with technologies, consider the increasing proliferation of available data and synthesize knowledge from several fields.

The report analyzes the scientific approaches used in nutrition science to promote knowledge discovery, interpretation and application.ASN adds that the development of nutrition science will follow the principles and standards of science more generally. According to ASN, nutrition science will be an open, unifying effort committed to improvement as new information and methods become available.

To help researchers make precise nutrition discoveries, nutrition science can draw on advancements made within ASN’s scientific community and borrow from those produced in other disciplines.

“Our science can help individuals who rely on scientific evidence to make health recommendations or to create policy by pointing out instances where precision nutrition will benefit health,” ASN explains.

Nutrition research methodology analyzed
This report’s primary objectives were to emphasize the approaches used in nutrition research, their advantages and disadvantages, and the importance of complementarity to produce the strongest evidence possible to solve nutrition-related challenges.

The research team identified types of nutrition science research approaches and outlined how each contributes significant, distinctive information to support this viewpoint.

However, they did identify and point out several methodological and interpretational flaws in the various research strategies. These drawbacks highlight that no single approach is adequate to fully address every nutrition science subject and point out the areas where more data is required.

For example, in the dietary assessment section, it was found that recent development in biomedical techniques like genomewide association studies, metabolomics, as well as new analytic approaches using AI and machine learning, are potentially new ways to examine complex processes simultaneously.

This will help scientists understand variations in response to dietary intake across groups and individuals.

Precision nutrition
According to ASN’s report, precision nutrition is the ability to prescribe customized meals based on known genetic and metabolic risk factors and disease outcomes. Different approaches will be used to prevent weight gain based on each person’s distinct DNA, metabolism and sociocultural context.

ASN reveals no single approach is adequate to fully address every nutrition science subject and point out the areas where more data is required.Dietary assessment, which can be completed using possibly new technologies when it becomes available, is the initial step in assessing baseline nutritional patterns.

As tailored strategies are implemented, ongoing monitoring is crucial to better understanding what works and doesn’t during the transition process.

Understanding epigenetics and DNA
An improved comprehension of how metabolism interacts with a person’s genetics, epigenetics, present and previous diet and environmental exposures will be necessary to put precision nutrition for weight management into reality.

The report adds that the ability to integrate a person’s genome sequence, epigenetic markers and the expression of both coding and noncoding transcripts continue to advance, giving nutritional scientists the chance to combine this knowledge with the patterns of metabolite expression to start explaining some aspects of metabolic heterogeneity.

Improved biomarkers for adequate and poor nutritional status are likely to be found in this research.

Gut microbiome
According to studies, overweight and obesity are associated with distinct microbiome patterns compared to a healthy weight.

ASN notes that Individuals participating in weight-loss programs also exhibit microbiome changes. These effects are partly related to the microbiome’s activity in digestion and gastrointestinal processes, as well as the conversion of non-digestible substrates into metabolites that release energy, such as fibers.

The impact of other fermentation products on metabolic pathways may also contribute to weight management. Understanding precision nutrition and why different people react differently to particular weight-management regimens centers on this topic.

However, because diet-related microbiome research is still in its infancy, it is crucial to establish standardized procedures and harmonized methodologies for reproducing results. To advance the science, diet and nutritional interventions must include thorough descriptions.

By Nicole Kerr