Intermittent fasting diets could help reduce risk of cardiovascular disease

20 Mar 2018 --- The weight loss market is seeing persistent growth, pushing increased interest in dietary patterns such as intermittent energy restriction diets. Intermittent fasting diets, such as the 5:2 diet, have now been found to clear fat from the blood quicker after eating meals than daily calorie restriction diets – reducing an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, a new study in the British Journal of Nutrition reports.

Researchers from the University of Surrey examined the impact of the 5:2 diet on the body’s ability to metabolize, as well as clear fat and glucose after a meal and they compared it to the effects of weight-loss achieved by a more conventional daily calorie restriction diet.

Previous studies in this field have predominantly focused on blood risk markers taken in the fasted state, which only tend to be, in for the minority of the time, overnight.

During the study, overweight participants were assigned to either the 5:2 diet or a daily calorie restriction diet and were required to lose five per cent of their weight. Those on the 5:2 diet ate normally for five days and for their two fasting days consumed 600 calories, using LighterLife Fast Foodpacks, whilst those on the daily diet were advised to eat 600 calories less per day than their estimated requirements for weight maintenance (in the study women ate approx. 1400 calories, men ate approx. 1900 calories/day). 

Under the guidance of the team, those on the 5:2 diet achieved 5 percent weight-loss in 59 days compared to those on the daily calorie restriction diet who achieved their goal in 73 days. 27 participants completed the study, while approximately 20 percent of participants in both groups dropped out because they either could not tolerate the diet or were unable to attain their 5 percent weight-loss target.

Researchers found that participants who followed the 5:2 diet cleared the fat (triglyceride) from a meal given to them more efficiently than those who undertook the daily diet. Although there were no differences in post meal glucose handling, researchers were surprised to find variations between the diets in c-peptide (a marker of insulin secretion from the pancreas) following the meal, the significance of which will need further investigation.

The study also found a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure (the pressure in your blood vessels when your heart beats) in participants on the 5:2 diet. Systolic blood pressure was reduced by 9 percent of following the 5:2, compared to a small 2 percent increase among those on the daily diet. A reduction in systolic blood pressure reduces pressure on arteries, potentially lessening incidences of heart attacks and strokes.

“As seen in this study, some of our participants struggled to tolerate the 5:2 diet, which suggests that this approach is not suited to everybody; ultimately the key to dieting success is finding an approach you can sustain long term,” says Dr. Rona Antoni, Research Fellow in Nutritional Metabolism at the University of Surrey. 

“But for those who do well and are able stick to the 5:2 diet, it could potentially have a beneficial impact on some important risk markers for cardiovascular disease, in some cases more so than daily dieting. However, we need further studies to confirm our findings, to understand the underlying mechanisms and to improve the tolerability of the 5:2 diet.”

For a detailed article on intermittent fasting by Maartje Geraedts, see “Intermittent Fasting: A New Year's Resolution” in the February issue of The World of Food Ingredients.