03 Oct 2018 --- Artificial sweeteners have again come in the spotlight after a paper published in Molecules claimed that US FDA-approved artificial sweeteners and sports supplements were found to be toxic to digestive gut microbes. In response, the International Sweeteners Association (ISA) reiterates that all approved low-calorie sweeteners are among the “most thoroughly researched ingredients worldwide,” and put forward that the in vitro testing conditions could have caused some reactions that would not be seen with real-life exposure conditions.