Researchers enhance carotenoid profile of Chinese kale in breakthrough genetic study

11 Jul 2024 --- Researchers from Sichuan Agricultural University, China, have significantly improved the carotenoid profile of Chinese kale by manipulating a genetic transcriptor factor. Carotenoids are essential antioxidants integral for human health, enhancing immunity and preventing diseases, but many vegetables, like Chinese kale, have low levels of them.

Scientists are exploring genetic pathways to address this nutrition gap, increase the beneficial compounds in crops and leverage advanced genetic techniques to enrich the dietary value of regularly consumed vegetables.

The current study, published in Horticulture Research, identified a crucial regulatory mechanism in the kale by manipulating the BoaBZR1.1 transcription factor. The researchers say the advancement opens pathways for improving vegetable nutrition through genetic engineering.

Engineering nutrient profiles
The research pinpoints a key genetic target for augmenting vegetable nutritional qualities, providing insights into the potential of genetic engineering to increase vital nutrients, in this case, carotenoid biosynthesis.

“Genetic engineering holds remarkable potential for overcoming dietary deficiencies. This study illustrates how leveraging plant natural mechanisms can produce crops that are more nutritious and adaptable to environmental challenges,” says Dr. Yi Tang, horticulturist and co-author of the study.

The study centered on BoaBZR1.1, a transcription factor in the brassinosteroid signaling pathway essential for plant growth and stress responses. Activation of BoaBZR1.1 led to a substantial increase in carotenoid biosynthesis gene expression, boosting carotenoid and chlorophyll levels. 

The advancement raised the nutritional profile and the visual appeal of Chinese kale. The results prove an effective strategy to enhance the nutrition of vegetables, which is potentially applicable to a broader range of crops. According to the researchers, this marks a significant progression in agricultural biotechnology for improving dietary health.

Solving dietary deficiencies
The implications of this study extend beyond improving Chinese kale with prospects to enhance other crops to address global nutritional deficits and support food security. The research paves the way for a future where crops are optimized for health benefits, potentially transforming global dietary patterns and contributing to sustainable agriculture.

Meanwhile, researchers assessing climate-smart agriculture and nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa are calling for farmers in the region to diversify their agricultural production toward climate-smart and micronutrient-rich crops such as soybeans, cassava, millet and sorghum in a bid to improve health outcomes.