Healthy and happy: Kids’ wellbeing linked to healthy eating by new study
14 Dec 2017 --- Healthy eating is associated with better self-esteem and fewer emotional and peer problems, such as having fewer friends or being picked on or bullied, in children regardless of body weight. This is according to a study published in the open access journal BMC Public Health. Inversely, better self-esteem is associated with better adherence to healthy eating guidelines, note the researchers from The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
“We found that in young children aged 2 to 9 years there is an association between adherence to healthy dietary guidelines and better psychological wellbeing, which includes fewer emotional problems, better relationships with other children and higher self-esteem, two years later,” says Dr. Louise Arvidsson, the corresponding author. “Our findings suggest that a healthy diet can improve wellbeing in children.”
Better self-esteem and fewer problems
Examining 7,675 children 2 to 9 years of age from eight European countries – Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain and Sweden – the researchers found that a higher Healthy Dietary Adherence Score (HDAS) at the beginning of the study period was associated with better self-esteem and fewer emotional and peer problems two years later.
The HDAS aims to capture adherence to healthy dietary guidelines, which include limiting intake of refined sugars, reducing fat intake and eating fruit and vegetables. A higher HDAS indicates better adherence to the guidelines, i.e., healthier eating. The guidelines are common to the eight countries included in the study.
The authors found that better self-esteem at the beginning of the study period was associated with a higher HDAS two years later and that the associations between HDAS and wellbeing were similar for children who had normal weight and children who were overweight.
“It was somewhat surprising to find that the association between baseline diet and better wellbeing two years later was independent of children's socioeconomic position and their body weight,” Dr. Arvidsson says.
Data from cohort study
The authors used data from the Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants Study, a prospective cohort study that aims to understand how to prevent overweight in children while also considering the multiple factors that contribute to it.
At the beginning of the study, period parents were asked to report how often per week their children consumed food from a list of 43 items. Depending on their consumption of these foods, children were then assigned an HDAS score.
Psychosocial wellbeing was assessed based on self-esteem, parent relations, emotional problems and peer problems as reported by the parents in response to validated questionnaires. Height and weight of the children were measured. All questionnaires and measurements were repeated two years later.
The study is the first to analyze the individual components included in the HDAS and their associations with children's wellbeing. The authors found that fish intake according to guidelines (two to three times per week) was associated with better self-esteem and no emotional or peer problems. Intake of whole meal products was associated with no peer problems.
The associations were found to go in both directions. Better wellbeing was associated with consumption of fruit and vegetables, sugar and fat in accordance with dietary guidelines; better self-esteem was associated with sugar intake according to guidelines; good parent relations were associated with fruit and vegetable consumption according to guidelines; fewer emotional problems were associated with fat intake according to guidelines; and fewer peer problems were associated with consumption of fruit and vegetables according to guidelines.
The authors caution that children with poor diet and poor wellbeing were more likely to drop out of the study and were therefore underrepresented at the two-year follow-up, which complicates conclusions about the true rates of poor diet and poor wellbeing. As the study is observational and relies on self-reported data from parents, no conclusions about cause and effect are possible.
“The associations we identified here need to be confirmed in experimental studies including children with clinical diagnosis of depression, anxiety or other behavioral disorders rather than wellbeing as reported by parents,” says Dr. Arvidsson.
Recent news related to the brain-gut axis includes Evolva entering a collaboration with Northumbria University’s Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre in the UK for a series of studies on its Veri-te resveratrol. The collaboration will include human intervention studies that will assess the inter-relationships between obesity, gut health (through microbiota populations), systemic inflammation, cognitive function, cerebral blood flow and peripheral blood flow and how all of these factors can be modulated by resveratrol dietary supplementation.
