16 May 2019 --- Modifying gut microbes through diet can lessen inflammation in the brain of middle-aged male mice and could positively influence brain aging and function, a new study has found. It comes at a time of increasing research into the gut-brain axis, which highlights how gut microbes can regulate brain function, including emotional processing and behavior. The research shows that a diet supplemented with prebiotics reversed microglia activation in the middle-aged mouse brain towards young adult levels.