Researchers link anxiety and alcohol intake

07/10/05 Scientists have identified a brain mechanism in rats that may play a central role in regulating anxiety and alcohol-drinking. The finding, by researchers supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), could provide important clues about the neurobiology of alcohol-drinking behaviors in humans. A report of the study appears in the October 3, 2005 issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation.

Some researchers have suggested that high levels of anxiety may predispose some individuals to becoming alcoholic.

Researchers led by Subhash C. Pandey, Ph.D., Associate Professor and director of neuroscience alcoholism research in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Illinois and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center in Chicago, found that “P” rats, a strain bred to prefer alcohol, showed more anxiety-like behaviors and drank more alcohol, than non alcohol-preferring “NP” rats. They measured anxiety in the rats with an apparatus known as an elevated plus-maze, which consists of two open arms and two closed arms connected to a central platform. Anxiety is gauged as a function of the amount of time a rat spends in the closed versus the open arms of the maze during a 5-minute testing period – the greater an animal’s level of anxiety, the less open-arm activity it displays.

Dr. Pandey and his colleagues also found that levels of CREB, a protein involved in a variety of brain functions, were lower in certain brain areas of P rats compared with NP rats. Levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY), a molecule that regulates the function of several neurotransmitters and is known to play a role in anxiety and alcohol-drinking behaviors, also were lower in P rats. One function of CREB is to regulate the production of NPY.

Alcohol intake reduced anxiety-like behaviors in the P rats, an effect that was associated with increased CREB function and NPY production in the central and medial amygdala. And by administering compounds that promote CREB function and NPY production in the central amygdala, researchers were able to reduce anxiety -- and alcohol intake -- in P rats. On the other hand, by disrupting CREB function (and the concomitant NPY production) in the central amygdala of NP rats, the researchers were able to provoke anxiety-like behavior and promote alcohol intake in those animals.

Dr. Pandey and his colleagues proposed that decreased CREB-dependent NPY production in the central amygdala might be a pre-existing condition for anxiety and alcohol-drinking behaviors.

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, a component of the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, conducts and supports approximately 90 percent of the U.S. research on the causes, consequences, prevention, and treatment of alcohol abuse, alcoholism, and alcohol problems and disseminates research findings to general, professional, and academic audiences.

http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/NewsEvents/NewsReleases/anxiety1005.htm