25 Sep 2015 --- To encourage consumers to lower their caloric intake, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration now requires most chain restaurants to state the number of calories that each menu item contains. But is a number the only effective way of helping diners make low-calorie choices? No, says a new study in the Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. According to the study, another popular way of indicating calorie information, an image of a green, yellow, or red traffic light, can be just as effective.